Syllogisms aptitude questions

Syllogisms questions are part of the Reasoning section of placement aptitude tests. Translate each statement into a set relation and test the conclusion against it. Below are 4 worked examples with the answer and the working; practise ten fresh ones or take a timed mock when you are ready.

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Example 1. Statements: Some actors are singers. All singers are performers. Conclusions: I. Some actors are performers. II. All performers are actors. Which conclusion follows?
- A. Only I follows (answer)
- B. Only II follows
- C. Both follow
- D. Neither follows
The actors who sing are performers, so I follows; performers may include people who are not actors, so II does not follow.
Example 2. Statements: All roses are flowers. All flowers are plants. Conclusions: I. All roses are plants. II. Some plants are roses. Which conclusion follows?
- A. Neither follows
- B. Only II follows
- C. Both follow (answer)
- D. Only I follows
Every rose is a flower and every flower is a plant, so all roses are plants; those roses also make some plants roses. Both conclusions follow.
Example 3. Statements: All doctors are graduates. Some graduates are citizens. Conclusions: I. Some doctors are citizens. II. Some citizens are graduates. Which conclusion follows?
- A. Neither follows
- B. Only II follows (answer)
- C. Only I follows
- D. Both follow
The graduates who are citizens need not include any doctor, so I does not follow; but the same overlap proves some citizens are graduates, so II follows.
Example 4. Statements: No pen is a book. All books are objects. Conclusions: I. No pen is an object. II. Some objects are not pens. Which conclusion follows?
- A. Neither follows
- B. Only II follows (answer)
- C. Only I follows
- D. Both follow
Pens can still be objects outside the books, so I does not follow; the books themselves are objects that are not pens, so II follows.

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Example 1. Statements: Some actors are singers. All singers are performers. Conclusions: I. Some actors are performers. II. All performers are actors. Which conclusion follows?

Example 2. Statements: All roses are flowers. All flowers are plants. Conclusions: I. All roses are plants. II. Some plants are roses. Which conclusion follows?

Example 3. Statements: All doctors are graduates. Some graduates are citizens. Conclusions: I. Some doctors are citizens. II. Some citizens are graduates. Which conclusion follows?

Example 4. Statements: No pen is a book. All books are objects. Conclusions: I. No pen is an object. II. Some objects are not pens. Which conclusion follows?